In a time of accelerating threats and rapid technological shifts, the U.S. military should reconsider how it approaches force design in its modernization process. Force design represents the logical first step in force modernization—and it should be performed concurrently with development and employment, not sequentially as current doctrine suggests.

As the U.S. navigates unprecedented strategic challenges, bipartisan consensus on nuclear policy is more vital than ever. In this new post, SPA Fellow Tom Troyano reflects on lessons from navigating seven presidential transitions and shares insights from the Strategic Posture Commission report. The takeaway: the current nuclear modernization path, while essential, may no longer be enough. From ret